Situación funcional como factor independiente asociado con el mal pronóstico de pacientes ancianos ingresados en Cuidados Intensivos / Functional status as an independent risk factor in elderly patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de la situación funcional previa, valorada mediante la escala de Barthel y Short Form-Late Life Function and Disability instrument, en los pacientes mayores de 74 años que precisan de ingreso en la UCI con respecto a su pronóstico y capacidad funcional al alta hospitalaria. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de una cohorte de paciente mayores de 74 años ingresados en UCI polivalente con estancia superior a 48 h. Se analizan variables demográficas, sociales, comorbilidad, cuestionario de discapacidad (Barthel, Short Form-Late Life Function and Disability instrument), motivos de ingreso en UCI, gravedad en UCI (SAPS 3). Se realiza un análisis multivariable para establecer los factores asociados a mortalidad o mala situación funcional al alta (índice de Barthel menor de 35). Resultados: Durante el periodo del estudio ingresaron 219 pacientes mayores de 74 años, de los que 129 (15%) tuvieron estancia mayor de 48 h. La mediana de edad fue de 80 años (77-83) siendo el 52% mujeres. El motivo de ingreso fue cardiopatía isquémica (19%), otra patología médica (38%) y patología quirúrgica (43%). Un 3% de los pacientes presentaba un Barthel inferior a 36 a su ingreso, siendo la mediana de 95 (85-100). La mediana de estancia en UCI fue de 5 días (4-8). La mortalidad en UCI fue del 6%, con una mortalidad hospitalaria del 10%. Al alta hospitalaria el 7% presentaban dependencia grave (Barthel inferior a 36). En esta población los factores asociados de forma independiente con la mortalidad o mala situación funcional al alta del hospital fueron la situación funcional previa al ingreso, en base a Short Form-Late Life Function and Disability instrument (OR 0,95 IC95%; 0,91 a 0,98); y a la gravedad al ingreso evaluada por SAPS 3 (OR 1,10 IC95%; 1,02 a 1,18) p=0,0007. Conclusiones: En pacientes ancianos que precisan ingreso en UCI, presentar una mayor puntuación en la escala SAPS 3 y deterioro funcional en base a una escala son factores asociados a mortalidad o dependencia severa al alta

Objective: To assess the association of previous functional status in elderly patients admitted to the ICU, estimated by the Barthel and Short Form-Late Life Function and Disability instrument scales, and the relationship with prognosis and functional capacity at hospital discharge. Material and methods: Observational prospective study of ICU-admitted patients older than 74 years, with a length of stay greater than 48hours. Demographic data, social background, comorbidities, disability questionnaire (Barthel, Short Form-Late Life Function and Disability instrument), main diagnosis and severity (SAPS 3) on ICU admission were recorded. Factors associated with mortality or poor functional status at hospital discharge (Barthel Index less than 35) were established by multivariate analysis. Results: During the study period, 219 elderly patients were admitted in ICU, of whom 129 (15%) had an ICU length of stay greater than 48hours. The median age was 80 years (77-83), with 52% women. Main diagnoses on admission included ischaemic heart disease (19%), another medical diagnosis (38%), and surgical procedure (43%). A Barthel score <36 (median 95, 85-100) was observed in 3% of the patients on admission. The median ICU length of stay was 5 days (4-8). ICU mortality was 6% (hospital mortality: 10%). On hospital discharge, 7% had severe dependence (Barthel <36). In this population, factors independently associated with mortality or poor functional status at hospital discharge were the pre-admission functional status, based on Short Form-Late Life Function and Disability instrument (OR 0.95, 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.98), and the severity on admission assessed by SAPS 3 (OR 1.10, 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.18), p=.0007. Conclusions: In elderly patients requiring ICU admission, a higher SAPS 3 score and functional impairment on admission were associated with mortality or severe dependence upon discharge

[Functional status as an independent risk factor in elderly patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit]. / Situación funcional como factor independiente asociado con el mal pronóstico de pacientes ancianos ingresados en Cuidados Intensivos.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of previous functional status in elderly patients admitted to the ICU, estimated by the Barthel and Short Form-Late Life Function and Disability instrument scales, and the relationship with prognosis and functional capacity at hospital discharge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational prospective study of ICU-admitted patients older than 74 years, with a length of stay greater than 48hours. Demographic data, social background, comorbidities, disability questionnaire (Barthel, Short Form-Late Life Function and Disability instrument), main diagnosis and severity (SAPS 3) on ICU admission were recorded. Factors associated with mortality or poor functional status at hospital discharge (Barthel Index less than 35) were established by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: During the study period, 219 elderly patients were admitted in ICU, of whom 129 (15%) had an ICU length of stay greater than 48hours. The median age was 80 years (77-83), with 52% women. Main diagnoses on admission included ischaemic heart disease (19%), another medical diagnosis (38%), and surgical procedure (43%). A Barthel score <36 (median 95, 85-100) was observed in 3% of the patients on admission. The median ICU length of stay was 5 days (4-8). ICU mortality was 6% (hospital mortality: 10%). On hospital discharge, 7% had severe dependence (Barthel <36). In this population, factors independently associated with mortality or poor functional status at hospital discharge were the pre-admission functional status, based on Short Form-Late Life Function and Disability instrument (OR 0.95, 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.98), and the severity on admission assessed by SAPS 3 (OR 1.10, 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.18), p=.0007. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly patients requiring ICU admission, a higher SAPS 3 score and functional impairment on admission were associated with mortality or severe dependence upon discharge.

A case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder with local invasion of the liver and peritoneum, and metastasis to the omentum.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is a rare entity that comprises approximately 1%-3% of all primary gallbladder cancers. We report the case of a 37-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a locally invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder. Surgical pathology revealed a predominantly squamous cell carcinoma composition of the tumor with a few microscopic foci of adenocarcinoma (<1% of tumor). We discuss pertinent clinical features, risk factors, and imaging characteristics to prompt early diagnosis and treatment, which will ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes.